Chapter 3

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Introduction
Physiologic Responses to Episodes of Exercise
- Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems
  - Cardiovascular Responses to Exercise
    - Cardiac Output
    - Blood Flow
    - Blood Pressure
    - Oxygen Extraction
    - Coronary Circulation
  - Respiratory Responses to Exercise
  - Resistance Exercise
- Skeletal Muscle
- Skeletal Muscle Energy Metabolism
  - Energy Systems
  - Metabolic Rate
  - Maximal Oxygen Uptake
  - Lactate Threshold
- Hormonal Responses to Exercise
- Immune Responses to Exercise
Long-Term Adaptations to Exercise Training
- Adaptations of Skeletal Muscle and Bone
- Metabolic Adaptations
- Cardiovascular and Respiratory Adaptations
  - Long-Term Cardiovascular Adaptations
  - Respiratory Adaptations
Maintenance, Detraining, and Prolonged Inactivity
- Maintaining Fitness and Muscular Strength
- Detraining
- Prolonged Inactivity
Special Considerations
- Disability
- Environmental Conditions
- Effects of Age
- Differences by Sex
Conclusions
- Research Needs
References

Page last reviewed: November 17, 1999 (archived document)
Content source:
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Page maintained by: Office of Associate Director of Communication, Division of Public Affairs

Physical Activity and Health: A Report of the Surgeon General