Chapter 4

The Effects of Physical Activity on Health and Disease

You may download a PDF version [481KB] for Adobe Acrobat Reader or a PostScript version [1,249KB] of the entire chapter. HTML and Text versions are not available. You can purchase a printed copy of the report by sending in the order form .

• Introduction
• Conclusions

Contents

• Introduction
• Overall Mortality
  • Conclusions
• Cardiovascular Diseases
  • Cardiovascular Diseases Combined
  • Coronary Heart Disease
  • CVD Risk Factors in Children
  • Stroke
  • High Blood Pressure
  • Biologic Plausibility
    • Atherosclerosis
    • Plasma Lipid/Lipoprotein Profile
    • Blood Pressure
    • Ischemia
    • Thrombosis
    • Arrhythmia
  • Conclusions
• Cancer
  • Colorectal Cancer
    • Colon Cancer
    • Rectal Cancer
  • Hormone-Dependent Cancers in Women
    • Breast Cancer
    • Other Hormone-Dependent Cancers in Women
  • Cancers in Men
    • Prostate Cancer
    • Testicular Cancer
  • Other Site-Specific Cancers
  • Biologic Plausibility
  • Conclusions
• Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus
  • Physical Activity and NIDDM
  • Biologic Plausibility
  • Conclusions
• Osteoarthritis
  • Physical Activity in Persons with Arthritis
  • Biologic Plausibility
  • Conclusions
• Osteoporosis
  • Biologic Plausibility
  • Physical Activity and the Prevention of Fractures and Falling
  • Conclusions
• Obesity
  • Physical Activity and Obesity
  • Biologic Plausibility
  • Conclusions
• Mental Health
  • Physical Activity and Mental Health
  • Biologic Plausibility
  • Conclusions
• Health-Related Quality of Life
  • Conclusions
• Adverse Effects of Physical Activity
  • Types of Adverse Effects
    • Musculoskeletal Injuries
    • Metabolic Abnormalities
    • Hematologic and Body Organ Abnormalities
    • Hazards
    • Infectious, Allergic, and Inflammatory Conditions
    • Cardiac Events
  • Occurrence of Adverse Effects
  • Conclusions
• Nature of the Activity/Health Relationship
  • Causality
  • Population Burden of Sedentary Living
  • Dose
  • Conclusions
• Chapter Summary
• Conclusions
  • Research Needs
• References