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Volume
6: No. 1, January 2009
ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Mapping Cancer for Community Engagement
The map shows the state of Iowa with county borders and the locations of the cities of Algona, Ames, Atlantic, Bettendorf, Boone, Burlington, Carroll, Cedar Falls, Cedar Rapids, Centerville, Charles City, Clinton, Council Bluffs, Creston, Davenport, Decorah, Des Moines, Dubuque, Fort Dodge, Fort Madison, Iowa City, Keokuk, Marshalltown, Mason City, Muscatine, Newton, Oskaloosa, Ottumwa, Red Oak, Sioux City, Spencer, Storm Lake, and Waterloo. Interstate highways 35, 29, 680, 235, 80, 380, and
280 are also shown.
The legend shows the scale of the ratio of observed to expected late-stage colorectal cancer cases. There are 15 categories: 0.666-0.823, 0.824-0.866, 0.867-0.905, 0.906-0.936, 0.937-0.961, 0.962-0.984, 0.985-1.004, 1.005-1.021, 1.022-1.037, 1.038-1.054, 1.055-1.074, 1.075-1.097, 1.098-1.125, 1.126-1.178, and 1.179-1.384.
Starting from the bottom and moving upward, the first 5 categories are in increasingly lighter shades of blue, the next 5 are white, and the last 5 are in increasingly darker shades of red.
In general, areas in the northern part of the state have expected or higher
than expected rates of late-stage diagnosis of colorectal cancer, while rates in the south
are generally lower than expected.
The figure includes the following text:
Proportion of cases of colorectal cancer diagnosed in late state is indirectly standardized by age and sex and smoothed using adaptive filter density estimation. Each rate is based on the closest 50 expected cases on a 3-mile grid. Red areas indicate higher rates than expected and blue areas indicate lower rates than expected, given the statewide late stage rate.
Data sources: Cancer incidence data from the Iowa Cancer Registry; 1:100,000 digital raster graphic from the Iowa Geographic Image Map Server hosted by Iowa State University; incorporated area locations from the Natural Resources GIS Library hosted by the Iowa Department of Natural Resources and the US Geological Survey.
Created by: Kirsten Beyer, Dept. of Geography, University of Iowa, June 2006.
Figure 1. Example of map and explanatory information to
illustrate
the spatial pattern of the proportion of all colorectal cancer cases diagnosed in the late stage, mapped using adaptive spatial filtering,
Iowa, 1998-2003. Data sources: Cancer incidence data from the Iowa Cancer
Registry; 1:100,000 digital raster graphic from the Iowa Geographic Image Map
Server hosted by Iowa State University; incorporated area locations from the
Natural Resources GIS Library hosted by the Iowa Department of Natural Resources
and the US Geological Survey.
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The map shows the state of Iowa with county borders and the locations of the cities of Algona, Ames, Atlantic, Bettendorf, Boone, Burlington, Carroll, Cedar Falls, Cedar Rapids, Centerville, Charles City, Clinton, Council Bluffs, Creston, Davenport, Decorah, Des Moines, Dubuque, Fort Dodge, Fort Madison, Iowa City, Keokuk, Marshalltown, Mason City, Muscatine, Newton, Oskaloosa, Ottumwa, Red Oak, Sioux City, Spencer, Storm Lake, and Waterloo. Interstate highways 35, 29, 680, 235, 80, 380, and
280 are also shown.
The legend shows the scale of the ratio of observed to expected colorectal cancer cases. There are 15 categories: 0.549-0.805, 0.806-0.856, 0.857-0.892, 0.893-0.925, 0.926-0.958, 0.959-0.983, 0.984-1.009, 1.010-1.034, 1.035-1.060, 1.061-1.082, 1.083-1.111, 1.112-1.144, 1.145-1.195, 1.196-1.257, and 1.258-1.480.
Starting from the bottom and moving upward, the first 5 categories are in increasingly lighter shades of blue, the next 5 are white, and the last 5 are in increasingly darker shades of red.
No consistent pattern of cancer incidence by geography emerges.
The figure includes the following text:
Cancer incidence rate is indirectly standardized by age and sex and smoothed using adaptive filter density estimation. Each rate is based on the closest 50 expected cases on a 3-mile grid. Red areas indicate higher rates than expected and blue areas indicate lower rates than expected, given the statewide incidence rate.
Data sources: Cancer incidence data from the Iowa Cancer Registry; 1:100,000 digital raster graphic from the Iowa Geographic Image Map Server hosted by Iowa State University; incorporated area locations from the Natural Resources GIS Library hosted by the Iowa Department of Natural Resources and the US Geological Survey.
Created by: Kirsten Beyer, Dept. of Geography, University of Iowa, June 2006.
Figure 2. Example of map and explanatory information to
illustrate
the spatial pattern of colorectal cancer incidence, mapped using adaptive spatial filtering, Iowa, 1998-2003.
Data sources: Cancer incidence data from the Iowa Cancer Registry; 1:100,000 digital
raster graphic from the Iowa Geographic Image Map Server hosted by Iowa
State University; incorporated area locations from the Natural Resources GIS
Library hosted by the Iowa Department of Natural Resources and the US Geological
Survey.
Return to article
The legend shows the scale of the ratio of observed to expected
late-stage colorectal cancer cases. There are 15 categories: 0.493-0.823, 0.824-0.866, 0.867-0.905, 0.906-0.936, 0.937-0.961, 0.962-0.984, 0.985-1.004, 1.005-1.021, 1.022-1.037, 1.038-1.054, 1.055-1.074, 1.075-1.097, 1.098-1.125, 1.126-1.178, and 1.179-1.541.
Starting from the bottom and moving upward, the first 5 categories are in increasingly lighter shades of blue, the next 5 gradually shift from blue to yellow, and the last 5
are in increasingly darker shades of red.
The main 2 images are of the same 9 counties, which include the cities of Spencer and Storm Lake. One image shows the adaptive spatial filtering rate based on the closest 50 expected cases on a 3-mile grid. Storm Lake and its county have the highest observed incidence, but many of the 3-mile blocks in surrounding counties that adjoin this
county also show the highest incidence. The rates decrease with increasing distance from Storm Lake. There is also a separate small detail map
showing the area immediately around Storm Lake, which shows some detail of the roads in that area. The second
main image shows the rates using traditional mapping with only county boundaries, which are generally square. Storm Lake and the county to the east show the highest rates; the remainder of the surrounding counties show rates that range from the lowest to the middle of the scale.
Using the adaptive spatial filtering, the highest rate in the state is 1.384, and the lowest rate is 0.666. Using the traditional mapping, the highest rate in the state is 1.541, and the lowest rate is 0.493.
The figure includes the following text:
Data sources: Cancer incidence data from the Iowa Cancer Registry; 1:100,000 digital raster graphic from the Iowa Geographic Image Map Server hosted by Iowa State University; incorporated area locations from the Natural Resources GIS Library hosted by the Iowa Department of Natural Resources and the US Geological Survey.
Created by: Kirsten Beyer, Dept. of Geography, University of Iowa, June 2006.
Figure 3. Example of map and explanatory information to
illustrate
the comparison of adaptive spatial filtering and traditional mapping using
county boundaries for 9 northwest Iowa counties to show all colorectal cancer
cases diagnosed in the late stage, 1998-2003. Data sources: Cancer incidence
data from the Iowa Cancer Registry; 1:100,000 digital raster graphic from the
Iowa Geographic Image Map Server hosted by Iowa State University; incorporated
area locations from the Natural Resources GIS Library hosted by the Iowa
Department of Natural Resources and the US Geological Survey.
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| County |
Rate |
| Adair |
1.5409 |
| Adams |
0.9237a |
| Allamakee |
1.1407 |
| Appanoose |
1.0708 |
| Audubon |
0.9484 |
| Benton |
0.8394 |
| Black Hawk |
1.0167 |
| Boone |
0.9926 |
| Bremer |
0.7052 |
| Buchanan |
1.0183 |
| Buena Vista |
1.5013 |
| Butler |
0.9873 |
| Calhoun |
1.0474 |
| Carroll |
0.9385 |
| Cass |
1.0577 |
| Cedar |
1.1913 |
| Cerro Gordo |
1.1084 |
| Cherokee |
1.0406 |
| Chickasaw |
1.2255 |
| Clarke |
1.1572 |
| Clay |
1.0186 |
| Clayton |
1.1583 |
| Clinton |
0.9485 |
| Crawford |
1.0889 |
| Dallas |
0.9910 |
| Davis |
1.2613 |
| Decatur |
0.8654 |
| Delaware |
1.0403 |
| Des Moines |
0.9165 |
| Dickinson |
1.1641 |
| Dubuque |
0.9832 |
| Emmet |
1.2251 |
| Fayette |
1.1792 |
| Floyd |
1.1782 |
| Franklin |
1.3161 |
| Fremont |
0.9842 |
| Greene |
0.9119 |
| Grundy |
0.9705 |
| Guthrie |
1.0057 |
| Hamilton |
1.2554 |
| Hancock |
1.0874 |
| Hardin |
1.0582 |
| Harrison |
1.1140 |
| Henry |
0.9135 |
| Howard |
1.0655 |
| Humboldt |
1.0626 |
| Ida |
0.8666 |
| Iowa |
0.8651 |
| Jackson |
1.0575 |
| Jasper |
1.0072 |
| Jefferson |
0.9707 |
| Johnson |
0.9254 |
| Jones |
0.9908 |
| Keokuk |
0.8797 |
| Kossuth |
1.2071 |
| Lee |
1.0034 |
| Linn |
0.9446 |
| Louisa |
1.3215 |
| Lucas |
0.4927 |
| Lyon |
0.6879 |
| Madison |
1.0810 |
| Mahaska |
0.7727 |
| Marion |
0.8480 |
| Marshall |
0.8953 |
| Mills |
1.0207 |
| Mitchell |
1.0450 |
| Monona |
0.9153 |
| Monroe |
1.1528a |
| Montgomery |
0.9160 |
| Muscatine |
0.8486 |
| O’Brien |
1.0597 |
| Osceola |
0.9514a |
| Page |
0.7954 |
| Palo Alto |
0.8530 |
| Plymouth |
0.9880 |
| Pocahontas |
1.3106 |
| Polk |
0.9731 |
| Pottawattamie |
0.9993 |
| Poweshiek |
1.0022 |
| Ringgold |
1.0304 |
| Sac |
1.0097 |
| Scott |
1.1125 |
| Shelby |
0.7405 |
| Sioux |
1.0616 |
| Story |
1.0462 |
| Tama |
1.1248 |
| Taylor |
1.2779 |
| Union |
1.1286 |
| Van Buren |
1.2321a |
| Wapello |
0.8441 |
| Warren |
0.9598 |
| Washington |
0.8205 |
| Wayne |
1.0782 |
| Webster |
1.0159 |
| Winnebago |
0.8808 |
| Winneshiek |
0.9563 |
| Woodbury |
0.9613 |
| Worth |
0.8107 |
| Wright |
0.9282 |
a Fewer than 10 expected late-stage cases.
The map shows the state of Iowa with county borders and the locations of the cities of Cedar Rapids, Council Bluffs, Davenport, Des Moines, Dubuque, Fort Dodge, Iowa City, Ottumwa, Sioux City, Spencer, and Waterloo. Interstate highways 35, 29, 680, 235, 80, 380, and 280 are also shown.
The legend shows the scale of the ratio of observed to expected late stage colorectal cancer cases. There are 9 categories: 0.493-0.741, 0.742-0.881, 0.882-0.949, 0.950-0.993, 0.994-1.030, 1.031-1.089, 1.090-1.207, 1.208-1.322,
and 1.323-1.541. Starting from the bottom and moving upward, the first 3 categories are in increasingly lighter shades of blue, the next
3 are white, and the last 3 are in increasingly darker shades of red.
The figure includes the following text:
Proportion of cases diagnosed in late stage is indirectly standardized by age and sex. Red areas indicate higher rates than expected and blue areas indicate lower rates than expected, given the statewide late stage rate.
Data sources: Cancer incidence data from the Iowa Cancer Registry; county border data from the Natural Resources GIS Library hosted by the Iowa Department of Natural Resources and the US Geological Survey.
Created by: Kirsten Beyer, Dept. of Geography, University of Iowa, June 2006.
Figure 4. Example of map and explanatory information to
illustrate
the spatial pattern of the proportion of all colorectal cancer cases diagnosed in the late stage, mapped using county
boundaries, Iowa, 1998-2003. Data sources: Cancer incidence data from the Iowa
Cancer Registry; county border data from the Natural Resources GIS Library
hosted by the Iowa Department of Natural Resources and the US Geological Survey.
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