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>> Welcome everyone, and thanks
for joining us today to learn
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about salmonella illness in
backyard chickens and ducks.
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We're here in a real, live backyard coop and
talking with CDC veterinarian Megin Nichols.
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Megin leads a team of disease detectives
who investigate outbreaks linked to animals.
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And I'm Brittany Behm, your moderator.
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We'll be here for 20 minutes
to talk about your questions.
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So, to get started, why are we even
here today talking about this topic?
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>> Well, Brittany, we're actually
here for a pretty serious reason.
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And that is we've had over 200
illnesses that have happened this year
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that have been linked to
contact with live poultry.
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And about one out of every four of those
illnesses has occurred among children.
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So unfortunately, we are seeing people
who keep backyard chickens getting sick.
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Now the good news is it's
actually a preventable issue.
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Through some really, really simple prevention
measures we can actually keep our families
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and our flocks healthy.
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>> Oh, wow.
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How do people even get sick to begin with?
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Are the chickens sick first
and then pass it to us?
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>> Well, I think that's a really great question.
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And we get that a lot at CDC.
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So, one of the things that is important to
understand is that chickens can carry salmonella
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and still appear healthy and clean.
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It doesn't necessarily make chickens sick.
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However, this salmonella germ can actually
make people very sick and that's one
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of the reasons we're here in a backyard coop
today because the salmonella can be anywhere
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where the chickens live and roam.
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And that's why any time we're
in this environment we want
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to make sure we're washing hands and
doing things to keep ourselves safe.
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For example, I actually have a bottle of
hand sanitizer that I keep nearby the coop.
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So that when I don't have an opportunity
to run in and wash my hands right away,
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I can still use it to keep my hands clean.
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>> Got it.
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Are there any other practical
tips to keeping your family safe?
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>> Absolutely.
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Well one of the other things I have
here today are actually my gloves.
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You can see that these are gloves that I use
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when I am cleaning the coop
and doing other activities.
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I keep them right here near my rake.
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And on top of that, I don't know
if you can see this in the camera,
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but I also wear boots that
are very easy to clean.
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And they're boots that I do not wear inside.
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I only wear then when cleaning the chicken
coop so I don't track any germs into the house.
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>> Gotcha.
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Well, what about tips for cleaning
the coop or equipment outside?
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>> Well, when you are in this area, you
have to keep in mind, there's the potential
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for there to be salmonella germs.
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Chickens live outside, it's not something
that we want to bring into our house.
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In fact, we have a great coop here,
it keeps the chickens very safe
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from predators and also very warm.
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We make sure that any tools, feed,
water dishes or other things like that,
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we clean those outside and
we don't bring them inside.
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>> Got it.
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So... what would you say, parents of
young children that might be thinking
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about getting a backyard coop for a chicken?
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>> Well again, one of the things we have seen
this year is that young children are some
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of the ones most affected in this outbreak.
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A little over 25%.
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So we recognize, it's really important for
parents to be aware of this because children
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under the age of 5 years are ones that
can get really severe salmonella infection
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and that can even require
hospitalization in some cases.
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It's really important for all parents
to supervise their children when they're
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around chickens or any other animals.
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And... make sure they're washing their hands
really, really well with soap and water
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and drying them with a paper towel afterwards.
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It's a great thing for us to be able to
share this experience with our children,
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we just have to be sure we
do this in a way that's safe.
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>> Right, Right.
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Those are really good tips.
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For those who are just joining, we're
talking with CDC veterinarian Megan Nichols
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about salmonella as it relates
to backyard chickens and ducks.
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We're going to start taking your questions and
while we wait for some questions to pop up,
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you mentioned there's outbreaks going
on, illnesses, people getting sick.
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Can you tell us more about that?
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Are people still getting sick?
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Is it ongoing?
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>> Yeah, this is an ongoing outbreak,
we continue to see people who get sick.
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One of the things we want people to know,
it's always important when you're going
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to bring any animal into your household that
you make sure it's the right animal for you.
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So... we don't necessarily recommend chicken
ownership if you have a weakened immune system
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or if you're an older adult or have
really young kids in your household.
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Just because those are the
people who are at greater risk
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for really severe salmonella illness.
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Also... we want people to remember that chickens
can actually be a seven to ten year commitment
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and they can require a lot of things like
a coop, like cleaning equipment and food.
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So... it's really important to take
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that into consideration before you bring
chickens home and into your backyard.
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>> Wow. Who knew it was such a commitment?
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That's crazy.
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We have a question from Roger.
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Do you recommend people in suburban
areas keep chickens and why or why not?
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>> Hey Roger, it's great
you're asking this question.
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One of the things that we think is actually a
good first step is to make sure that your county
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or local authority actually allows
you to keep backyard chickens.
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Because there are some local or county
ordinances that don't necessarily allow it.
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Now if they do, I think it can be a really great
and positive experience for you and your family
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to learn a little bit more
about backyard agriculture
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and even maybe to have some fresh eggs.
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>> Great! And Willie asks, is there
anything we can do to give the chickens
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to kill the salmonella if you know they have it?
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>> Mm hmm...
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yeah... one thing that we
have seen in some cases,
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some people give their chickens antibiotics.
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Since the salmonella doesn't
necessarily cause the chicken to get sick,
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it's not something we recommend, however...
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we know that it's important to keep your chicken
coop clean, and dry and it's a really good idea
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to make sure you store the
chickens food in a closed container
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so that the mice don't get after it.
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Those are some things that can really help
to keep the germs down in your chicken coop.
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However...
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you don't necessarily need to treat
the birds, because they don't get sick.
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>> Right. So...
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we have a great question here from
Sarah about the handwashing and what
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about using hand sanitizer if you're not
able to use soap and water right away.
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>> Sarah, that's a really good point.
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I keep hand sanitizer near
the coop so that I can use it.
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Before I have the opportunity to wash my hands.
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However...
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the first thing I do when I'm ready to go inside
is I remove any clothes, especially my shoes,
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that I was going in to work in the coop and then
I go inside and I wash my hands, first thing,
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with soap and water and dry
them with a paper towel.
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This is actually a great
activity you can do with your kids
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and sing the happy birthday
song twice, kids love that.
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>> That's awesome.
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Kelly asks, how frequently should
we clean out the whole coop?
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>> Kelly, I think it probably depends
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on how many birds you have
and how quickly it gets dirty.
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One of the things you want to make sure
you're doing is preventing any excessive build
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up of chicken manure and make sure
they have a fresh layer of bedding.
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One good rule of thumb, is if you can
start to smell things in your chicken coop,
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it's probably a little past
due time to clean it up.
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>> Got it.
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So what about people who have
chickens for egg collection.
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Is there advice for collecting eggs?
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>> Absolutely, the way I remember this,
is actually what I call the Five Cs.
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So the first one is to collect the eggs
often, you don't want to leave these eggs
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in your coop where they're getting dirty.
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When you go to bring them inside,
make sure you're cleaning the eggs.
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This doesn't mean washing, it
means wiping off the outside
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of the egg to remove dirt and debris.
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The next part is to cool your eggs, bring
them in and make sure you refrigerate them.
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You don't want them sitting on the counter.
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Next, cook your eggs thoroughly, no
runny eggs here, because we do know
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that salmonella can even get on the inside
of the egg and lastly, if the egg is cracked
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at all, make sure you throw it away.
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That's not something you want to eat.
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>> Great tips.
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So Avril is asking, her school is
considering getting some backyard chickens
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to be sustainable, I've heard something
about salmonella, should we be concerned?
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What do you have to say about
schools who might have chickens?
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>> Yeah...
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I think, Avril, it's really great that
you guys are considering having a backyard
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poultry experience.
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One of the things I will say is that we don't
recommend that in the event there are children
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under the age of five that go to the school.
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This isn't recommended for
preschools or daycares.
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Just because those kids are more likely
to put their hands into their mouth
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and we know that's how they can get salmonella.
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However...
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if they're older kids that can wash their hands
and especially supervise and can learn more
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about caring for animals, I
think that's a great idea.
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You just have to be careful and
take those prevention steps.
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>> Sarah's asking, are some of
these prevention steps applicable
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to pigs, cows, other barn animals?
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>> Absolutely, Sarah, you are spot on with this.
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Any time you are around farm animals, including
chickens, goats, pigs, cattle or even others,
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they can actually carry some germs that
don't make them sick, but can make us sick.
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If you're at a petting zoo this summer or
this fall and enjoying time with the family,
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you want to make sure that after you're
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around those animals you're washing your
hands very, very well with soap and water.
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>> Great - and so Deborah's
asking, what about campylobacter.
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Is that another type of illness you
can get from these types of animals.
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>> Yes... campylobacter is another type of
germ that chickens and other poultry can carry.
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And so by taking a lot of the measures to
actually prevent getting sick with salmonella,
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handwashing, wearing dedicated shoes and making
sure you're not tracking any germs inside
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and cooking chicken or eggs thoroughly,
those will also help prevent a lot
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of the other germs that we can get sick from.
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>> Joshua's asking for any advice for people
who might be starting their own backyard flock.
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What's the first step?
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>> I think the first step, Josh is when you
go and consider setting up a backyard coop,
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you want to make sure you
have information first.
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So... go to your local library, talk
with any friends, the U.S. Department
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of Agriculture actually has
a great website about this.
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Maybe get a couple books
and learn a little bit more
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about what it takes to keep backyard chickens.
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I know I was surprised and
Josh, you might be too.
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>> All right, few more questions here.
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Laura's asking if there's any advice
for county fairs and animal handling
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that people are going to this summer or fall?
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>> Yeah...
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with county fairs and other animal venues,
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we don't necessarily recommend
chickens in those environments.
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You can see that here in the backyard coop,
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our chickens are actually very
comfortable hanging out in the shade.
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They don't necessarily want
to be held or touched.
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And we want to make sure that any venue
that has animals, has hand washing nearby
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and post some signs that tell parents, make sure
you wash your hands after you're in this area
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and as you can see from us, no
food or water in the animal areas.
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>> Got it.
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Okay, so Christina is asking,
when cleaning the coop,
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should you wear a mask or
any other protective gear?
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>> I think that's something that is up to you.
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If you have another reason to wear a mask
and have talked with your doctor about that,
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then that may be appropriate or if
you're worried about dust and debris.
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However...
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ordinarily, if you're cleaning the coop out on
a regular basis, you may not necessarily need
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to wear a mask to do this, however...
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it's something that's a good idea to talk
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with your Health Care provider
or others about, if it's needed.
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>> Great. And just a reminder for those joining,
we're talking to CDC veterinarian Megan Nichols
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about salmonella illness as it relates
to backyard chickens and dusks.
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We have a question from [inaudible
name] about the risks of eating raw egg.
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What are some other things that we
can get sick from when we eat egg
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that might not be cooked all the way through?
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>> Well Salmonella is definitely a
big one in terms of eating raw eggs.
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We have seen some outbreaks in the past
that have been linked to consuming eggs
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that are undercooked or not fully cooked.
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And so... we want to make sure
any time that we consume eggs,
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we are cooking those eggs thoroughly.
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So... we don't want to eat those runny eggs.
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>> Got it.
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Lindsay's asking about other animals
like pets, dogs, that are coming out,
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being with the chickens, could the
dogs carry those germs back inside?
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>> Mm hmm.
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>> Anything to do about that?
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>> That's another reason I'm glad
we're out here in the backyard.
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You can also see that I actually keep
my other pets separate from my chickens.
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I think that reduces the stress a little bit,
it's good biosecurity, which is something
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that means that we're doing
our best to keep the germs away
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from our chickens and away from our other pets.
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I don't let my dog in around
to comingle with the chickens.
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I just think it's probably better
that he doesn't get in here
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and track any of those germs around.
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>> Got it.
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What about if you have a child who maybe gets
sick from salmonella and you think they got it
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from the birds, is there anything
you should do with the chickens
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if you think they have salmonella?
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>> Yeah...
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I think it's important for us
to think about all chickens
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as potentially having the
ability to carry salmonella.
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If we think about it that way, we want to make
sure we're always taking prevention measures.
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Now, if your child gets sick from
salmonella, always talk to your doctor
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and it's not necessarily a reason to need
to rehome or get rid of your chickens,
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it's just a reminder of how important it is to
wash hands and take those other simple steps.
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>> What about chicken manure?
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Is that good in a garden
to help your crops grow?
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Any advice on manure?
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>> There are some really great resources
out there from a couple universities
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around composting of chicken manure.
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That allows you to make sure that
all the germs in the manure die,
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but you still get the nutrients in your garden.
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It's always a good idea to
remember any vegetables
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or fruits you're going to
eat, you wash them first.
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You don't want manure on your vegetables.
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>> No, I don't.
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Very good.
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How about, from Aaron, mixing flocks
like ducks and chickens in the coops?
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Is that okay to kind of comingle poultry?
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>> Aaron, great question.
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I don't know if you have chickens and ducks,
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but I find that it can be an
actually cool experience to have both.
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One of the things I would say, you
certainly can bring them both in, however,
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it's a good idea if you're going to bring new
animals home, to isolate them for a little bit,
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that way, if the birds that you're
bringing home have any other diseases,
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they're not necessarily sharing
it with your existing flock.
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There's more information about
that on the USDA website.
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That's the United States
Department of Agriculture.
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>> What about when we're thinking about going
to buy you might have touched on this already,
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when buying chickens, are some places
better to get them than others?
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>> That's a really common question that we get.
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Where should I get chickens?
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Sometimes people will even ask their feed
stores, I think that's a great first step.
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You want to make sure that when
you go to the store to buy chicks,
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you ask where did they come from?
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And... you want to make sure they come from
a hatchery that takes extra steps to try
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and reduce the burden of salmonella
that's in the environment.
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And they can do that through things
like testing the environment,
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really making sure things are clean and
sometimes even using a vaccine for salmonella.
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You want to make sure that the
hatchery has taken those steps too.
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>> Got it.
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What about organically raised chicken?
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Is that any different than just normal
chicken that's not organically raised?
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>> When it comes to chickens in your backyard,
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there isn't necessarily a
difference that we see.
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It's something you can consider, but
not necessarily something we consider
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when we're looking at salmonella
and backyard chickens.
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>> I think we are almost out of time.
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I think we have time for one more question.
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I think we kind of hit on this, but
anything we can do with our chickens in terms
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of vaccinating them or reducing the
risk that they would have salmonella
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so we can be sure that they're safe?
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>> Absolutely, well, the first thing is
making sure you're always taking precautions
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as though your chickens could have salmonella.
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Because again...
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chickens can carry other
germs that could make us sick.
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00:16:14,336 --> 00:16:19,066
The next thing is to make sure you're getting
your chickens from a hatchery that takes steps
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to reduce the burden of salmonella.
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00:16:21,216 --> 00:16:25,016
That's something you can always ask when
you go to the feed store to buy the chicks,
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do they source these baby chicks and other
poultry from a hatchery that does its best
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to reduce the burden of salmonella.
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That's a really important question and it can
help and of course when you bring them home,
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and make sure everything is
kept clean on a regular basis.
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00:16:39,746 --> 00:16:46,086
>> Great. So as we wrap up today, can you just
give us a summary of what families should do
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to protect themselves from salmonella?
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>> Absolutely.
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I think that raising poultry can be
a fun and educational experience.
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The reason we're here today is
because sometimes things can go wrong
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and people might not be aware that chickens
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and other poultry can acutally
carry germs that can make us sick.
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What we want to do in the event
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that we anticipate raising
backyard poultry is wash our hands,
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don't wear your coop shoes inside your house,
don't kiss, cuddle or snuggle your chickens,
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00:17:17,796 --> 00:17:23,166
cause they can have these germs on their
feathers and to make sure you're talking
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00:17:23,166 --> 00:17:25,746
to your kids and others about
appropriate handwashing
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and supervising them any time
they're around the animals.
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>> Wow. Well, I've learned so much today.
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Thank you so much, Megin and thank
you all for joining us today.
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If we didn't get to your questions, we'll
comment as soon as we can after this event.
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00:17:36,886 --> 00:17:37,506
Have a good one.
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>> Bye.
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