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Weekly Report: Influenza Summary Update
Week ending March 27, 2004-Week 12
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Synopsis:
Influenza activity remained low during the week of March 20-27, 2004. The percentage of patient visits for influenza-like illness (ILI) has remained below the national baseline (2.5%) since the week ending January 17. During week 12, mortality due to pneumonia and influenza (P&I) remained below the epidemic threshold (8.2%). Ten (2.2%) of 454 specimens collected from throughout the United States and tested by U.S. World Health Organization (WHO) and National Respiratory and Enteric Virus Surveillance System (NREVSS) collaborating laboratories were positive for influenza. Nineteen states and Guam reported sporadic activity and 29 states, the District of Columbia, and New York City reported no influenza activity.
Laboratory Surveillance*:
During week 12, WHO and NREVSS laboratories reported 454 specimens tested for influenza viruses, and 10 (2.2%) were positive. Of these, 2 were influenza A (H3N2) viruses and 8 were influenza B viruses.
Since September 28, 2003, WHO and NREVSS laboratories have tested 115,222 specimens for influenza viruses, of which 24,177 (21.0%) were positive. Of these, 23,993 (99.2%) were influenza A viruses, and 184 (0.8%) were influenza B viruses. Of the 23,993 influenza A viruses, 6,875 (28.7%) have been subtyped; 6,873 (99.9%) were influenza A (H3N2) viruses and 2 (0.1%) were influenza A (H1) viruses.
Antigenic Characterization:
CDC has antigenically characterized 863 influenza viruses collected by U.S. laboratories since October 1, 2003: three influenza A (H1) viruses, 833 influenza A (H3N2) viruses, and 27 influenza B viruses. The hemagglutinin proteins of the influenza A (H1) viruses were similar antigenically to the hemagglutinin of the vaccine strain A/New Caledonia/20/99. Of the 833 influenza A (H3N2) isolates that have been characterized, 106 (12.7%) were similar antigenically to the vaccine strain A/Panama/2007/99 (H3N2), and 727 (87.3%) were similar to the drift variant, A/Fujian/411/2002 (H3N2). Twenty-four of the influenza B viruses belonged to the B/Yamagata lineage and were similar antigenically to B/Sichuan/379/99. Three influenza B viruses belonged to the B/Victoria lineage and were similar antigenically to the vaccine strain B/Hong Kong/330/2001.
Pneumonia and Influenza (P&I) Mortality Surveillance:
During week 12, 7.4% of all deaths reported by the vital statistics offices of 122 U.S. cities were due to pneumonia and influenza. This percentage is below the epidemic threshold of 8.2% for week 12.
Influenza-like Illness Surveillance *:
The percentage of patient visits to approximately 1,000 U.S. sentinel providers nationwide for ILI was 0.9%** during week 12. This indicator has been below the national baseline of 2.5% since the week ending January 17. The percentage of patient visits for ILI in each of the nine surveillance regions*** was below 1.4%. Due to wide variability in regional level data, it is not appropriate to apply the national baseline to regional level data.
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Influenza Activity as Assessed by State and Territorial Epidemiologists**:
There were no reports of widespread, regional, or local activity for week 12. Sporadic activity was reported in 19 states (Arizona, Colorado, Hawaii, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, New York, North Dakota, Ohio, Texas, Vermont, West Virginia, Wisconsin, and Wyoming) and Guam. All other states, the District of Columbia, and New York City reported no influenza activity. Indiana and Utah did not report.
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* Reporting is incomplete for this week. Numbers may change as more reports are received.
** The national and regional percentage of patient visits for ILI is weighted on the basis of state population.
*** Surveillance Regions: New England (Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Vermont, Rhode Island); Mid-Atlantic (New Jersey, New York City, Pennsylvania, Upstate New York); East North Central (Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, Wisconsin); West North Central (Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota); South Atlantic (Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, Washington, D.C., West Virginia); East South Central (Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, Tennessee); West South Central (Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, Texas); Mountain (Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, Wyoming); Pacific (Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, Washington)
Report prepared April 1, 2004
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